Theoretical Sources

 

• Catholic charity institutions

• Ida Jean Orlando, her instructor—“The nurse is responsible for helping the patient avoid and alleviate the distress of unmet needs.” The nurse and patient interrelate with each other.

• Travelbee based the assumptions of her theory on the concepts of existentialism by Soren Kierkegaard and logotherapy by Viktor Frankl.

• Viktor Frankl, a survivor of Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps—first proposed the theory of Logotherapy in his book Man's Search for Meaning (1963). Logotherapy is founded upon the belief that striving to find meaning in one’s life is the primary, most powerful motivating and driving force in humans and the best protection against emotional instability.  She felt nursing needed a "humanistic revolution" and a renewed focus on caring as central to nursing--she warned that if this didn't happen, consumers might seek a "new and different kind of health care worker."

• Soren Kierkegaard (concept of existentialism) - Existential theory believes that that humans constantly face choices and conflicts and is accountable to the choices we make in life. Kierkegaard, considered to be the first existentialist philosopher, proposed that each individual—not society or religion—is solely responsible for giving meaning to life and living it passionately and sincerely. A central proposition of Existentialism is that existence precedes essense, which means that the most important consideration for individuals is that they are individuals- independently acting, and responsible, conscious beings (“existence”) – rather than what labels, roles, stereotypes, definitions or other preconceived categories the individuals fit (“essense”).

http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/travelbee-human-to-human-model-of-nursing.php 

http://slsu-coam.blogspot.com/2008/09/joyce-travelbee-human-to-human.html

http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_person_travelbee_joyce.htm